6^th International Conference on Physical and Theoretical Chemistry March 18-19, 2020 Amsterdam, Netherlands

\r\n  is a branch of chemistry that uses computer simulation to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses methods of theoretical chemistry, incorporated into efficient computer programs, to calculate the structures and properties of molecules and solids. Classical approximations to the potential energy surface are used, as they are computationally less intensive than electronic calculations, to enable longer simulations of molecular dynamics and Structural Chemistry. Furthermore, cheminformatics uses even more empirical (and computationally cheaper) methods like machine learning such as Artificial Intelligence based on physicochemical properties. One typical problem in cheminformatics is to predict the binding affinity of drug molecules to a given target.

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  (reaction engineering or reactor engineering) is a specialty in chemical engineering. Frequently the term relates specifically to catalytic reaction systems where either a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst is present in the reactor. Chemical reaction engineering aims at studying and optimizing chemical reactions to define the best reactor design. Hence, the interactions of flow phenomena, mass transfer, heat transfer, and reaction kinetics are of prime importance to relate reactor performance to feed composition and operating conditions. Chemical kinetics includes investigations of how different experimental conditions can influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about the reaction's mechanism and transition states, as well as the construction of mathematical models that can describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction. Chemical kinetics provides information on residence time and heat transfer in a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and the molar mass distribution in polymer chemistry.

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Solution Thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes. In chemistry, an ideal solution or ideal mixture is a solution with thermodynamic properties analogous to those of a mixture of ideal gases. A solution in thermodynamics refers to a system with more than one chemical component that is mixed homogeneously at the molecular level.

\r\n  also called  is the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials. It focuses on non-molecular solids. It has much in common with solid-state-physics, mineralogy, crystallography, ceramics, metallurgy, thermodynamics, materials science and electronics. It focuses on the synthesis of new materials and their characterization. Solids are the chemical substances which are characterised by define shape and volume, rigidity, high density, low compressibility. The constituent particles (atoms, molecules or ions) are closely packed and held together by strong interparticle forces.

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Green Chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is an area of chemistry and chemical engineering focused on the designing of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances. Green chemistry emerged from a variety of existing ideas and research efforts such as atom economy and catalysis in the context of increasing attention to problems of chemical pollution and resource depletion. Solvents are consumed in large quantities in many chemical syntheses as well as for cleaning and degreasing. Traditional solvents are often toxic or are chlorinated. Green solvents, on the other hand, are generally derived from renewable resources and biodegrade to innocuous, often a naturally occurring product. In chemistry and biology, \r\n  

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Inorganic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry is defined as the study of carbon-containing compounds and inorganic chemistry is the study of the remaining subset of compounds other than organic compounds, there is overlap between the two fields (such as organometallic compounds, which usually contain a metal or metalloid bonded directly to carbon). In organic chemistry, scientific study is concentrated towards carbon compounds and other carbon-based compounds such as hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Inorganic chemistry is concerned in the scientific study of all the chemical compounds except the carbon group. So, to cut the story short, organic chemistry deals with carbon while inorganic chemistry deals with the rest of the chemical compounds except carbon.

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\r\n  is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet (wavelength from 100 to 400 nm), visible light (400 – 750 nm) or infrared radiation (750 – 2500 nm). Photochemical reactions are driven by the number of photons that can activate molecules causing the desired reaction. The large surface area to volume ratio of a microreactor maximizes the illumination, and at the same time allows for efficient cooling, which decreases the thermal side products.  is broadly defined to include all biological phenomena involving non-ionizing radiation. It is recognized that photobiological responses are the result of chemical and/or physical changes induced in biological systems by non-ionizing radiation.

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\r\n  involves the discovery and design of new materials. Many of the most pressing scientific problems humans currently face is due to the limitations of the materials that are available and, as a result, major breakthroughs in materials science are likely to affect the future of technology significantly. Materials scientists lay stress on understanding how the history of a material influences its structure, and thus its properties and performance. All engineered products from airplanes to musical instruments, alternative energy sources related to ecologically-friendly manufacturing processes, medical devices to artificial tissues, computer chips to data storage devices and many more are made from materials. The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Enlightenment, when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and engineering to understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy. The interdisciplinary field of Materials Science, also commonly termed Materials Science and Engineering involves the discovery and design of new materials, with an emphasis on solids. The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Enlightenment, when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and engineering to understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy<strong style="\&quot;box-sizing:" border-box;="" font-weight:="" 700;="" color:="" rgb(0,="" 0,="" 0);="" font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";="" font-size:="" medium;="" font-style:="" normal;="" font-variant-ligatures:="" font-variant-caps:="" letter-spacing:="" orphans:="" 2;="" text-align:="" justify;="" text-indent:="" 0px;="" text-transform:="" none;="" white-space:="" widows:="" word-spacing:="" -webkit-text-stroke-width:="" background-color:="" rgb(255,="" 255,="" 255);="" text-decoration-style:="" initial;="" text-decoration-color:="" initial;\"="">.

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\r\n  is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the chemical synthesis, structure, chemical and physical properties of polymers and macromolecules. Polymers can subdivide into biopolymers and synthetic polymers according to their origin. Each one of these classes of compounds can be subdivided into more specific categories in relationship to their use and properties. Polymer chemists’ study large, complex molecules (polymers) that are built up from many smaller (sometimes repeating) units. They study how the smaller building blocks (monomers) combine and create useful materials with specific characteristics by manipulating the molecular structure of the monomers/polymers used, the composition of the monomer/polymer combinations, and applying chemical and processing techniques that can, to a large extent, affect the properties of the final product. Polymer chemists are unique within the chemistry community because their understanding of the relationship between structure and property spans from the molecular scale to the macroscopic scale

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\r\n is helping to considerably develop, even revolutionize, different technology and industry sectors: information technology, Renewable energy, environmental science, medicine, homeland security, food safety, and transportation, among others. Regenerative nanomedicine is one of the medical applications of nanotechnology. It ranges from the medical applications of nanomaterials to Nanoelectronics biosensors, and the future applications of molecular nanotechnology, such as biological machines. Nanomedicine sales reached $16 billion in 2015, with a minimum of $3.8 billion in nanotechnology R&D being invested every year.

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\r\n  is the microscopic interpretation of cells to detect cancer and other abnormalities. This includes the examination of samples collected from the uterine cervix, lung, gastrointestinal tract or body cavities. The cytotechnologist performs a secondary evaluation and determines whether a specimen is normal or abnormal. Abnormal specimens are referred to a pathologist for final interpretation or medical diagnosis.  is the application of chemistry and its subfield, forensic toxicology, in a legal setting. A forensic chemist can assist in the identification of unknown materials found at a crime scene. Specialists in this field have a wide array of methods and instruments to help identify unknown substances.

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\r\n  play an important role in our world, not only as effective substances for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, but also to improve “quality of life”; enabling people to live with a disease as appropriate for their social and cultural background. The process of the design/discovery of drugs typically involves understanding the character of targets (e.g. enzyme, cell, tissues, etc) related to the disease, setting-up the concept of drug design, providing lead compounds (via traditional medicines, natural products, biological macromolecules, compound libraries, computational chemistry, etc.), and design and lead optimisation by means of analysing structure-activity-relationships. Computer-aided  methods have played a major role in the development of therapeutically important small molecules for over three decades. These methods are broadly classified as either structure-based or ligand-based methods. Structure-based methods are in principle analogous to high-throughput screening in that both target and ligand structure information is imperative. Structure-based approaches include ligand docking, pharmacophore, and ligand design methods.

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\r\n  promotes the understanding of biological mechanism of disease at the cellular and molecular levels for better diagnoses, treatment, and prevention of disease. The molecular medicine perspective emphasizes cellular and molecular phenomena and interventions rather than the previous conceptual and observational focus on patients and their organs.Proteomicsplays an important role in medical research and molecular medicine, such as in drug discovery and diagnostics, because of the link between proteins, genes and diseases, and it is the next step in modern biology. Proteomics is dynamic compared to genomics because it changes constantly to reflect the cell’s environment. The main objectives in the field of proteomics are; identifying all proteins, analyse differential protein expression in different samples, characterise proteins by identifying and studying their function and cellular localisation, and understand protein interaction networks. Proteomics includes not only the identification and quantification of proteins, but also the determination of their localization, modifications, interactions, activities, and, ultimately, their function.

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\r\n  is an industry term for getting energy by burning wood, and other organic matter. Burning biomass releases carbon emissions but has been classed as a renewable energy source in the EU and UN legal frameworks, because plant stocks can be replaced with new growth. Forest-based biomass has recently come under fire from several environmental organizations, including Greenpeace and the Natural Resources Défense Council, for the harmful impacts it can have on forests and the climate. Greenpeace recently released a report entitled "Fuelling a Biomes" which outlines their concerns around forest-based biomass. Because any part of the tree can be burned, the harvesting of trees for energy production encourages whole-tree harvesting.  comes from natural sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, plants, algae and geothermal heat. These energy resources are renewable, meaning they're naturally replenished. In contrast, fossil fuels are a finite resource that take millions of years to develop and will continue to diminish with use.

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